The 4 Part Power Train of Electric Model Airplanes

Electric model airplanes are a great way to get intothe primary consideration. The power output from
the model airplane sport or to leave the fuel and oilythese batteries is not constant. They start off strong
mess of glow or gas engines behind. Electric is quiet,and slowly give out less power till finally the airplane
clean, and electric model airplanes can be flown inruns out of power, can no longer sustain flight and
more environments than glow fuel powered airplanesneeds to come in for a landing.
as they make little or no noise.Li-Po batteries, on the other hand, are known for their
Electric model airplanes contain several componentsability to have a very constant power output. They are
that set them apart from their glow cousins. Thejust as strong at the end of a flight as they were at
electric motor, an electronic speed controller (ESC),the beginning. Powering your RC model airplane with a
high powered batteries and possibly a gearbox makeLi-Po battery is the only way to go when using a
up the power train i.e. all the components of the drivebrushless motor, but, and a big but - they can be
system of your electric model airplane. Understandingdangerous if not managed properly. Incorrectly
how these parts work together can ease the transitioncharging or discharging a Li-Po battery has been
from a fuel-based engine to an electric motor.known to cause toxic smoke, fire, and in some cases
First, motors for electric model airplanes come in twoexplosions.
forms, either 'brushed' or 'brushless' and there areThe batteries for a ready to fly model will be supplied
subcategories of these as well. Without going intoconnected in series and/or parallel according to the
detail, brushless motors are constructed and operatepower output requirement and usually held together in
more efficiently than brushed so deliver more powera plastic sleeve. Whether batteries are connected in
and/or more flight time, but the cost of a brushlessseries or parallel affects the performance of the
setup can be substantially higher.batteries and needs to be carefully considered.
Brushed motors, sometimes referred to as cannedWhen you move on to building your own electric
motors, are very inexpensive but deliver less powermodel airplane you will be able to determine the
than brushless models. Most pre-packaged electricconfiguration that best suits your needs and the
model airplanes come with a brushed motor and leaveavailable space in your electric model airplane. You will
it up to the consumer to make the upgrade toalways want to have at least two battery packs
brushless if they wish to do so. With the popularity ofavailable when you go flying as well as recharging
brushless powered electric model airplanes rising, morefacilities in order to get maximum flying time.
brushless packages are available and will soon be theCareful management of your batteries will give you
standard electric model airplane power plant.maximum battery life and usefulness. Follow the
Second, an Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)manufacturer's advice on connection and charging
regulates the amount of power being fed to yourtimes very carefully. There are differences between
electric model airplane motor. The ESC sits betweenthe batteries used in your radio equipment which are
the battery and the motor and is wired to your throttletrickle charged with a small current over a long period
channel. When you increase the throttle via your radioand which will withstand being overcharged. Flight
transmitter, the ESC feeds more juice from thebatteries, on the other hand, are designed for fast
battery to the motor, increasing its RPM and makingcharge and fast discharge but will be damaged and
your model fly faster. Most ESC will work with onlyare potentially dangerous if overcharged.
one kind of motor, brushed or brushless, but there areSo ARF and ARTF electric model airplanes or park
some electric model airplanes available that will workflyers are a quick and easy entry to electric model
with either.airplanes with everything pre-installed and pre-set. But
Third, a gearbox. Electric motors are usually mostwhen setting out to do your own installation of to
efficient at high rpm. However, you may need to lowerdesign an electric model airplane be sure to seek the
the rpm to make the propeller more efficient or to fit ahelp of someone experienced with electric model
larger prop. A gearbox will then be included in theairplanes.
power train. So it will depend very much on the modelWith so many different choices and configurations
whether a gearbox is required or not.available it can be confusing. So make sure that you
Fourth, the flight batteries. There are too many typestake advice from your instructor or club colleagues
of electric model airplane battery to list them all, but thebefore committing either your money or your time -
most common types are Nickel Cadmium (Nicad),and always get advice from a specialist on the
Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH), and Lithium Polymercharging and use of the high powered lithium based
(Li-Po). The two nickel based batteries are primarily forbatteries. And always, always follow the
use in brushed airplane configurations where cost ismanufacturers advice.